TUTORIAL GUIDE/ADDITIONAL NOTES TO NOS. XIV & XV Reading Assignment No. 9 --------------------------------------- Maa.navo ' pi tato pa.t.thaaya ambaani raaja-kula.m harati. Ra~n~naa ca ma.m upa.t.thahaa ' ti vutte | raajaana.m upa.t.thahanto | raaja-kulaa mahaa-dhana.m labhitvaa kamena vissasiko jaato. Atha na.m eka-divasa.m raajaa pucchi. Maa.nava kuto akaale eva.m va.n.n-gandha-rasa-sampannaani ambaani labhasi. Ki.m te naago vaa supa.n.no vaa devo vaa koci deti. Udaahu manta-bala.m etan ' ti. Na me mahaaraaja koci deti. Anaggho pana me manto atthi. Tass ' eta.m balan ' ti. Tena hi mayam ' pi ekadivasa.m manta-bala.m da.t.thu-kaamaa ' ti. Saadhu deva dassessaamii ti. Raajaa puna divase tena sadhhi.m uyaana.m gantvaa dassehi ' iti aaha. So saadhuu ' ti amba-rukkha.m upagantvaa satta-pada-matthake .thito | manta.m parivattetvaa rukkha.m udakena pahari. Ta.m kha.na~n~neva amba-rukkho he.t.thaa-vutta-niyaamena phala.m gahetvaa mahaa-megho viya amba-vassa.m vassi. Mahaa-jano saadhukaara.m adaasi. Ce.lukkhepaa pavattimsu. Raajaa phalaani khaaditvaa tassa bahu.m dhana.m datvaa | maa.nava evaruupo te acchariya-manto kassa santike gahito ' ti pucchi. Ma.navo sac ' aaha.m ca.n.daalassa santike ' ti vakkhaami | lajjitabbaka.m bhavissati ma~n ' ca garahissanti. Manto kho pana me pagu.no. Idaani na nassati. Disaapaamokkhaa ' cariya.m apadisaami ' iti cintetvaa | musaa-vaada.m katvaa | Takkasilaaya disaapaamokkaacariyassa santike gahito me ' ti vadanto aacariya.m paccakkhaasi. Ta.m ka.na~n~n ' eve manto antaradhaayi. Raajaa somnassa-jaato ta.m aadaaya nagara.m pavisitvaa | pun ' ekadivasa.m ambaani khaadissamaa ' ti uyyaana.m gantvaa | mangalasilaa-pa.t.te nisinno | maa.nava ambaani aaharaa ' ti aaha. So saadhuu ' ti amba.m upagantvaa | satta-pada-matthake .thito manta.m parivattessami iti | mante anupa.t.thahante anatarahita-bhaava.m ~natvaa lajjito a.t.thaasi. Raajaa aya.m pubbe parisa-majjhe yeva ambaani aaharitva amhaaka.m deti | ghana-meghavassa.m viya amba.m vassapeti. Idaani thaddho viya .thito. Kinnu kho kaara.nan ' ti cintetvaa ta.m pucchanto pa.thama.m gaataha.m aaha. Ahaasi me amba-phalaani pubbe a.nuuni thuulaani ca brahmacaari teh ' eva mantehi na 'daani tuyha.m duma-pphalaa paatubhavanti brahme ' ti. Ambajaataka - SHB. IV. p. 192 f. Translation and Grammatical Notes -------------------------------------------------- 1. Maa.navo ' pi tato pa.t.thaaya ambaani raaja-kula.m harati. = The young man too, thereafter, takes the mangoes to the royal household. i. api = also, even ii. tato pa.t.thaaya = commencing therefrom. In tato note -to as the ablative ending. pa.t.thaaya = proceeding, starting from. Gerund. prefix pa + rt. thaa + ya iii. raaja + kula = household of the king. Genitive Case Compound [ ra~n~no kula.m = raajakula.m ]. iv. harati = takes. rt. hru / harati. || aa + harati = brings || nii + harati = takes out, takes away. 2. Ra~n~naa ca ma.m upa.t.thahaa ' ti vutte | raajaana.m upa.t.thahanto = When requested by the king | 'attend upon me' | he attending upon the king. i. ra~n~naa = by the king. Inst. sg. [ raajaa / raajan ]. Agent of vutte [ when told, requested ]. ii. vutta : p.p.p. rt. vac + ta > uc + ta > ukta > vutta iii. upa.t.thaha : Imperative 2nd.sg. prefix upa + rt. thaa [ .thaati > .thahati : -ha of the split aspirate being additionally retained ]. upa.t.thahanto : present participle. 3. raaja-kulaa mahaa-dhana.m labhitvaa kamena vissasiko jaato. = Having received much wealth from the royal household, he gradually became a trusted person, a confidant. i. raajakulaa : Ablative sg. denoting source of origin. ii. mahaa-dhanam : Adjectival Compound [ mahantam dhanam ]. iii. labhitvaa = Having received. Gerund. rt. labh + i + tvaa. Also labh + tvaa = laddhaa | laddhaana. c.f. laddhaa mudhaa nibbuti.m bhu~njamaanaa || yoni.m laddhaana maanusi.m. 4. Atha na.m eka-divasa.m raajaa pucchi. = Then him one day the king questioned. i. nam = him [ = tam]. acc. sg. Object of pucchi. ii. eka-divasa.m = one day. Adverbial use : time when. iii. pucchi = questioned. Aorist 3rd. sg. 5. Maa.nava kuto akaale eva.m va.n.n-gandha-rasa-sampannaani ambaani labhasi. = O young man, from where, out of season [ akaale ], do you get such [ eva.m = or in this manner ] colourful, sweet-smelling, tasty mangoes ? i. kuto = whence, from where. Note 1.ii. above for the use of -to suffix. Also i + to = from here. c.f. ito dinnena yaapenti petaa kaalakataa tahi.m. = out of what is given from here, the departed ones there subsist. ii. va.n.na + gandha + rasa : Copulative Compound [ Dvanda Samassa ]. Two or more nouns compounded together, the resultant form being left either in the plural or reduced to a collective singular. iii. va.n.na-gandha-rasena sampanna : Inst. Case Compound. iv. labhasi : 2 nd. sg. Present tense. rt. labh / labhati. Passive labh + ya = labbhati = is received, obtains. 6. Ki.m te naago vaa supa.n.no vaa devo vaa koci deti. Udaahu manta-bala.m etan ' ti. = What ? Does a Naaga, a Suparna or a Deva or any other give you [ these ] ? Or is this a magical power ? 7. Na me mahaaraaja koci deti. Anaggho pana me manto atthi. Tass ' eta.m balan ' ti. = Your Majesty. Nobody gives me. I have a priceless charm. This is the power of that [ charm ]. i. Me manto atthi = I have a charm. me : genitive of possessor. 8. Tena hi mayam ' pi ekadivasa.m manta-bala.m da.t.thu-kaamaa ' ti. = If that were so, we too, one day [ would like to see ] the power of the charm. i. manta + bala.m : mantassa balam = power of the charm. Case Compound ii. da.t.thukaamaa = those who like to see. da.t.thu.m + kaamaa. Case Compound [ Upapada Tappurisa } 9. Saadhu deva dassessaamii ti. = Very well, Your Majesty. I would show [ it ]. i. Dassessaami = Cause to see. Future 1st. sg. of the causative form dasseti of rt. dis [ das ] + e / aya + ti. 10. Raajaa puna divase tena sadhhi.m uyaana.m gantvaa dassehi ' iti aaha. = The king, on the next day, with him to the park went, and said 'show it'. i. puna = again, next [ Sanskrit punah / punar ]. Therefore in Pali puna + eva = punareva || puna + aagamma = punaraagamma . Puna + puna.m = Punappuna.m. ii. Ideas of with and without used with saddhi.m and vinaa in Pali govern the Instrumental Case. e.g. tena saddhi.m . iii. dassehi : Imperative 2nd.sg See 9.i. above. 11. So saadhuu ' ti amba-rukkha.m upagantvaa satta-pada-matthake .thito | manta.m parivattetvaa rukkha.m udakena pahari. = He, saying ' very well' , went up to the Mango tree, stopped at the end of seven steps | recited the charm and splashed [ pahari = struck] the tree with water. i. upagantvaa = went up to. Gerund. prefix upa + rt. gam + tvaa ii. parivattetvaa : Gerund. prefix pari + rt. vat [ vatteti = turns round ] + tvaa iv. phari = struck. Aorist 3rd. sg. preifx pa + rt. har / harat. See 1.iv. above. 12. Ta.m kha.na~n~neva amba-rukkho he.t.thaa-vutta-niyaamena phala.m gahetvaa mahaa-megho viya amba-vassa.m vassi. = That very moment, the mango tree, as said above [ earlier ], bore fruit, and like a great shower of rain [ = mahaamegho ], brought down a shower of mangoes. i. Ta.m kha.na~n~neva = that very moment. The accusative in place of locative for 'time when'. ii. gahetva = having taken. Gerund. rt. gah [ ga.nhaati ] + e + tvaa. See 14. iii. below. iii. vassi = rained. Aorist 3rd. sg. rt. vas / vassati. 13. Mahaa-jano saadhukaara.m adaasi. Ce.lukkhepaa pavattimsu. = The assembly of people gave shouts of joy. There were throwing up of cloth [ like waving of banners ]. i. adaasi = gave. s- aorist. 3rd. sg. ii. pavatti.msu = there were, there happened to be. Aorist 3rd. pl. Prefix pa + rt. vat / vattati [ = there is ] 14. Raajaa phalaani khaaditvaa tassa bahu.m dhana.m datvaa | maa.nava evaruupo te acchariya-manto kassa santike gahito ' ti pucchi. i. khaditvaa = having eaten. Gerund. rt. khaad + i + tvaa. ii. tassa = to him. Dat. sg. Denotes recipient. iii. gahito = was taken. p.p.p. rt. gah + i + ta. See 12. ii. above. 15. Ma.navo sac ' aaha.m ca.n.daalassa santike ' ti vakkhaami | lajjitabbaka.m bhavissati ma~n ca garahissanti. = The young man [ thought to himself ] : ' If I say I learnt from [ = in the presence of ] a Candala [ = an outcaste ] it is going to be a cause of shame. They will despise me too. ' i. vakkhaami = I shall say. Future 1st. sg. rt. vac + sya + mi > vakkhaami. ii. lajjitabbaka : lajjaa = shame. lajji + tabba + ka = a thing to be ashamed of. iii. garahissanti : Fut. 3rd. pl. rt. garh [ garahati = despises, censures ] + i + ssanti. 16. Manto kho pana me pagu.no. Idaani na nassati. = The charm of mine has been mastered. Now it will not perish. i. Pagu.no = mastered, proficient. ii. nassati = will perish. Fut. 3rd. sg. rt. nas + ya + ti. p.p.p. nas + ta > na.t.tha 17. Disaapaamokkhaa ' cariya.m apadisaami ' iti cintetvaa | musaa-vaada.m katvaa = Thinking to himself 'I shall refer to a Disaapaamokkha Acariya' he uttered [ made an utterance of ] a lie. i. apadisaami : prefix apa + rt. dis / disati. ii. musaa + vaada.m = false utterance. Adjectival Compound. 18. Takkasilaaya disaapaamokkaacariyassa santike gahito me ' ti vadanto aacariya.m paccakkhaasi. = Saying ' In Takkasilaa, in the presence of a Disaapaamokkha Acariya, it has been learnt by me,' he disowned his teacher. i. paccakkhaasi = disowned. s-aorist 3rd. sg. prefixes pati + aa + rt. khyaa + si 19. Ta.m ka.na~n~n ' eve manto antaradhaayi. = That very moment, the charm disappeared. i. antaradhaayi : aorist 3rd. sg. antara + dhaayati. 20. Raajaa somnassa-jaato ta.m aadaaya nagara.m pavisitvaa | pun ' ekadivasa.m ambaani khaadissamaa ' ti uyyaana.m gantvaa | = The king became pleased and taking him along entered the city. Thereafter one day, wishing to eat mangoes he went to the park | i. somanassa-jaato = with joy arisen within. Relative Compound. ii. aadaaya = having taken. Gerund. prefix aa + rt. daa [ dadaati = gives ] + ya. iii. pavisitvaa = having entered. Gerund. prefix pa + rt. vis + i + tvaa. p.p.p. pa + vis + ta = pavi.t.tha. 21. mangalasilaa-pa.t.te nisinno | maa.nava ambaani aaharaa ' ti aaha. = On the royal rock slab seated, ordered the young man ' Bring me mangoes. ' i. nisinno = seated on. p.p.p. prefix ni + rt. sad [ siidati = sinks] + na. But note : pa + siidat = delights in has its p.pp. as pa + sad + na > pasanna. 22. So saadhuu ' ti amba.m upagantvaa | satta-pada-matthake .thito manta.m parivattessami iti = Saying ' Very well ', he went up to the mango tree and standing at the seventh foot, he decided to recite the charm. i. saadhu = good, well. saadhu + iti = thinking or deciding that its fine, i.e. approvingly, agreeing to. ii. parivattessaami = I shall recite. Fut. 1st. sg. prefix pari + rt. vat [ vatteti = rolls on ]. 23. mante anupa.t.thahante anatarahita-bhaava.m ~natvaa lajjito a.t.thaasi. = When the charm would not start or come to be effective, he knew that it had disappeared, and stood there ashamed. i. anupa.t.thahante : present participle. negative an + prefix upa + rt. thaa [ .thaati / .thahati ]. Note in .thahati the aspirate retained in ' .tha ' inspite of the separated ' ha '. See 2.iii. above. ii. ~natvaa = having known. Gerund. rt. ~naa [ janaati ] + tvaa Dhammavihari Adelaide - Sri Lanka Buddhist Vihara Inc. Australia.