TUTORIAL GUIDE / ADDITIONAL NOTES TO LESSON V *** In LESSON IV we concluded our preliminary survey of the use of cases in Pali. Many more notes will be introduced as we proceed. We are now being introduced to more and more declensions of nouns and new conjugations of verbs. For an effective use of the language, to read extensively and understand more freely, we need to have greater command over nouns and verbs. Once you have a command over these, have no fear, the rest will fall in place with ease. >From now on, we shall therefore endeavour to introduce more reading material with adequate guidance to handle them. ----------------------- --------------- Reading Assignment No.1 ------------------------------------ Ath ' ekadivasa.m | eko coro antonagare corika.m katvaa | dhanaraasi.m aadaaya nikkhamanto | coro ' ti ~natvaa pa.tibuddhehi gharasaamikehi c 'eva aarakkhakamanussehi ca anubaddho | niddhamanena nikkhamitvaa vegena susaana.m pavisitvaa | taapasassa pa.n.nsaalaadvaare bha.n.dika.m cha.d.detvaa palaayi. Dhanasaamikaa bha.n.dika.m disvaa | are du.t.tha ja.tila | tva.m ratti.m corika.m katvaa divaa taapasaruupena carasii ' ti | tajjetvaa pothetvaa ta.m aadaaya netvaa ra~n~no dassayimsu. Raajaa anupaparikkhitvaa ' va | gacchatha na.m suule uttaasethaa ' ti aaha. Te ta.m susaana.m netvaa khadirasuula.m aaropayimsu. Taapasassa sariire suula.m na pavisati. Tato nimbasuula.m aaharimsu. Tam ' pi na pavisati. Ayasuula.m aaharimsu. Tam ' pi na pavisati. Ka.nhadiipaayana Jaataka. SHB. IV. p. 65 Atha = then, thereupon, thereafter [ indeclinable ] ekadivasa.m / acc. time when : adverbial use. eka = one + divasa = day [ eko m. ekaa f. eka.m n.] coro = thief cora + ika = doings of a thief anto = within [ indeclinable ] + nagara = city n. [ nagarassa anto ] katvaa = having done. Gerund or past act. part. rt. kru / karoti = does kar + tvaa. Also kar + i + tvaa dhanaraasi : dhana = wealth + raasi = collection. [ dhanassa raasi : genitive case compound : Tappurisa ] aadaaya = taking along. Gerund prefix aa + rt. daa + suffix -ya. e.g. Paleti rasam aadaaya = departs having taken the essence, i.e. pollen. Dhp.v.49 nikkhamanto : [ nikkhamati = departs. ] Pr. act. part. Prefix nis + rt. kham + suffix anta. Past pass.part. nikkhanta : nis + kam + ta. coro ' ti ~natvaa = knowing it was a thief. ~natvaa = Gerund rt. ~naa / jaanaati = knows Past pass. part. ~naa + ta = ~naata. Pr. act. part. jaan + ant = jaananta pa.tibuddhehi [ inst. pl.] = by those who woke up. p.p.p. prefix pa.ti + rt. budh + suffix ta. Pa.tibujjhati [pa.ti + budh + ya + ti = wakes up ]. gharasaamikehi [inst. pl.] = gharassa [of the house] + saamiko [ lord ]. Gen. case compound [ Tappurisa ]. aarakkhakamanussehi [ inst. pl. ] = aarakkhaka [guarding] + manussa [men]. Adjectival compound. prefix aa + rt. rakkh / rakkhati = guards anubaddha = pursued by. p.p.p. prefix anu + rt. badh + suffix ta. bandhati = binds anubandhati = pursues, chases from behind. Note similar formation : anu + gacchhati = follows anu + karoti = imitates, equals niddhamana = outlet, drain [prefix ni + rt. dhmaa / dhamati = blows, blows off, hence clean, purify ] e.g. niddhame mala.m attano = should clean away one's impurities. Dhp.v.239 nikkhamitvaa : Gerund - nikkham + i + tvaa. Also nikkham + ya = nikkhamma. See nikkhamanto above. vegena [ inst.sg. ] = with great speed / adverbial use. susaana.m [ acc. sg. / goal of motion ] = cemetery pavisitvaa = having entered. Pavisati = enters. Gerund - prefix pa + rt. vis + i + tvaa. Also pa + vis + ya = pavissa as at 'na pabbataana.m vivara.m pavissa.' Dhp. v. 127 p.p.p. pavi.t.tha = pa+vis + ta. Pr. act. part. pa + vis + ant = pavisanta. pannasaalaadvaare : panna [=leaf] + saalaa [= hut] + dvaara [= door] = at the door of the leaf -hut. Genitive case compound. cha.d.detvaa = having abandoned. Gerund of cha.d.deti. p.p.p. cha.d.dh + i + ta. palaayi : aorist 3rd. sg. of palaayati = flees, runs away from. disvaa = having seen. Gerund - rt. dis + tvaa. Also disvaana. Regular present tense form passati = sees. ratti.m [ acc. sg. ] = at night, implying 'time when'. In this same sense the locative sg. 'ratto' is used. e.g. divaa ca ratto ca haranti ye bali.m Sn. v. 223 katvaa = having done. Gerund - rt. kar + tvaa. As well as katvaana. Also kar + i + tvaa. taapasaruupena = in the guise of an ascetic. Genitive case compound. taapasa + ruupa tajjetvaa = having threatened. Gerund of tajjeti = threatens. p.p.p. tajjita e.g. manussaa bhayatajjitaa. pothetvaa = having beaten up. Gerund of potheti. netvaa = having led, taken along. Gerund - rt. nii / neti | nayati = leads. ra~n~no [ dat. sg. ] = to the king. dassayi.msu [ = they showed ] : aorist 3rd. pl. Causative form of the rt. dis - to see / dasseti | dassayati. anupaparikkhitvaa ' va [ = without examination ]. an = not + prefix upa + pari + rt. ikkh + i + tvaa suule [ loc. eg. ] on a stake uttaasetha [ imperative 2nd. pl. act. ] = impale aaropayimsu [ aorist 3rd. pl. ] = mounted on. Causative form. Prefix aa + aorist sign a + rt. ruh / ro + causative suffix paya + ending imsu. pavisati = enters. Prefix pa + rt. vis / visati. aaharimsu = brought. Aorist 3rd. pl. Prefix aa + aorist sign a + rt. har + ending imsu. harati = brings. ayasuula = iron stake. Adjectival compound aya [=iron] + suula [ = stake ]. *** Please read these notes carefully over and over again until you acquire a considerable degree of familiarity, both with regard to vocabulary as well as usage [ i.e. characteristic Pali idiom. ]. Dhammavihari